Seizures / Account Freezing

Civil Activist Nino Kalandia’s Bank Account Seized for the Second Time

On 7 July 2026, the personal bank account of civil activist Nino Kalandia, the mother of a child with a disability, was seized for the second time in connection with her participation in protest rallies. According to Kalandia, five additional fines issued against her have been submitted to the National Bureau of Enforcement.

Kalandia’s bank accounts were first seized on 29 May over her participation in protest rallies. At that time, the seizure was imposed both on her personal bank account and on the pension account of her 13-year-old child with a disability, which had been opened in her name.

Documented Incidents Against Civil Activists – September 2024

Context

The incidents documented in September 2024 indicate the use of various forms of pressure against individuals engaged in civic activism and the expression of critical opinions. During the reporting period, incidents involving administrative detention, financial sanctions, and indirect pressure were documented, affecting activists, representatives of civil society, and individuals employed in the public sector.

September was particularly marked by the use of administrative and economic measures against activists. In addition, cases of alleged politically motivated dismissals from public employment were documented. According to human rights organisations, these dismissals may have been linked to the individuals’ publicly expressed criticism of the so-called “Russian Law.”

During the same period, legal and administrative measures directed against non-governmental organisations and their leadership raised concerns regarding potential restrictions on the activities of civil society. Overall, the incidents documented in September demonstrate that the practice of exerting pressure on critical and protest-related activities continued in various forms and targeted both individual activists and civil society organisations.

Incidents

On 4 September 2024, according to information reported by TV Pirveli, several public school principals were allegedly dismissed on political grounds. Those dismissed included Shorena Shamatava, principal of the public school in the village of Nokalakevi; Khatuna Bregvadze, principal of Public School No. 7 in Chiatura; and Mindia Gvelebiani, head of the public school in the village of Namashevi. The Georgian Young Lawyers’ Association (GYLA) also issued a statement regarding these cases, highlighting possible discriminatory motives and noting that the dismissals may have been linked to the principals’ critical views expressed in relation to the so-called “Russian Law.”

On 9 September 2024, the Tbilisi City Court imposed a fine on activist Lekso Samkharadze, who had called Viktor Japaridze, a Member of Parliament supporting the so-called Russian Law, a “slave.”

On 14 September 2024, police detained businessman and civil activist Soso Babaev in Gori. He was accused of disobeying lawful police orders. Babaev owns a bar in Gori. For three days prior to the incident, preparations had been underway in the area surrounding his bar for the visit of Bidzina Ivanishvili, leader of the Georgian Dream party. Babaev openly protested the disruption caused by these preparations and also announced on social media that he intended to hold a protest. On the morning of 14 September, while on his way to work, he was detained by police. He spent 48 hours in a temporary detention facility.

On 24 September 2024, the bank accounts of Boris Chele Kurua were frozen. The member of the Coalition for Change announced this on social media. According to Kurua, he had previously been fined GEL 500 in connection with protest activities, although the court decision had never been formally served on him. As he did not pay the fine, enforcement measures resulted in the freezing of his bank accounts.

On 24 September 2024, one month before the parliamentary elections, the Head of the Anti-Corruption Bureau, Razhden Kuprashvili, designated the organisations Transparency International Georgia and Choose Europe as entities pursuing declared electoral objectives. The Bureau also required the organisations, as well as their leaders, Eka Gigauri and Khatuna Lagazidze, to submit financial declarations within five days, warning that legal measures would be applied in case of non-compliance.

The organisations challenged the decision before the courts, arguing that it was unlawful because the designation subjected them to the Law on Political Associations of Citizens and imposed restrictions on their activities. Amid the resulting controversy, on 2 October, following a public appeal by the Prime Minister, the Anti-Corruption Bureau reversed its decision and, citing the interests of the country, officially revoked the organisations’ status as entities pursuing electoral objectives.

Documented Incidents Against Civil Activists – October 2024

Context

The incidents documented in October 2024 indicate the continuation of pressure against individuals engaged in civic activism and the expression of critical opinions. During the reporting period, both physical attacks and the use of investigative and administrative mechanisms were documented, affecting researchers, representatives of civil society, and individuals affiliated with international organisations.

Particular attention during October was drawn to measures taken against researchers and representatives of analytical organisations, including searches and restrictions on access to bank accounts. A number of domestic and international actors assessed these measures as a form of pressure against civil society and critical research activities.

During the same period, the Constitutional Court’s decision not to suspend the operation of the so-called “Russian Law” further intensified concerns regarding its potential impact on civic space and the activities of independent organisations in the country.

Incidents

On 10 October 2024, the Plenum of the Constitutional Court of Georgia decided not to suspend the operation of the Law on Transparency of Foreign Influence, commonly referred to as the “Russian Law,” pending the Court’s final judgment. Despite the applicants’ request, the Court did not grant the motion to suspend the contested provisions. However, it declared the constitutional complaints partially admissible for examination on the merits. The decision adopted by the Plenum of the Constitutional Court was published on the Court’s official website.

On 19 October 2024, Badri Oqujava, a researcher at SovLab, was attacked by a group of individuals at the intersection of Barnovi and Machavariani Streets. According to Oqujava, approximately ten individuals attacked him while he was on his way to work. Women were also among the perpetrators. The researcher believes that the attack was premeditated and politically motivated. According to his account, the attackers repeatedly struck him in the back and then poured paint over him.

Between 24 and 29 October 2024, investigators from the Investigation Service of the Ministry of Finance conducted searches at the homes of Eto Buziashvili and Sopho Gelava, two employees of the U.S.-based organisation the Atlantic Council. Computer equipment was seized from their homes. Investigators from the Financial Police Investigation Service also searched the residence of brothers Onise and Sandro Tskhadadze. According to members of Onise Tskhadadze’s family, investigators stated that the reason for the search was his employment with an international company.

On 29 October, pursuant to a court order, the bank accounts of Sopho Gelava and Eto Buziashvili were frozen. According to the Financial Police, the court authorised this measure within the framework of the so-called “call centre case.” As a result, both researchers working on Russian disinformation were denied access to their personal bank accounts. The U.S. Helsinki Commission also commented on the case, describing the freezing of the bank accounts as an attempt to exert pressure on Georgia’s civil society and the Atlantic Council.

Documented Incidents Against Civil Activists – March 2025

Context

The incidents documented in March 2025 demonstrate that the practice of exerting pressure on civil activists continues to maintain a systemic character and manifests itself in various forms. The incidents recorded during the reporting period reflect administrative detentions, incidents of physical violence, the active use of financial sanctions, as well as the use of criminal law mechanisms, including restrictions imposed on the financial activities of organisations associated with activists.

A significant portion of the documented cases is linked to citizens’ participation in protest demonstrations and the expression of public opinions. Particularly notable are the scale and intensity of financial sanctions. In many cases, fines were imposed on allegations of blocking roadways and, in a number of instances, were based on disputed or insufficient evidence. At the same time, cases were documented in which the actions of law enforcement authorities and judicial decisions failed to take into account the circumstances presented by the defence.

Particular attention should be paid to the freezing of the accounts of charitable foundations supporting activists and the protest movement during the reporting period. This indicates that the practice of pressure extends not only to individual activists but also to organisations providing support to individuals whose rights have allegedly been violated. Taken together, these trends significantly restrict civic space and seriously undermine the rights to freedom of expression and freedom of peaceful assembly.

Incidents

On 3 March 2025, musician and civil activist Davit (Tornado) Gabunia was physically assaulted and verbally abused in the street. According to information circulated on social media, Gabunia was attacked by Mikha Meskhi, the husband of singer Sopho Bedia. Mikha Meskhi subsequently confirmed this information in a comment posted under a Facebook post published by another user.

On 5 March 2025, Barbara Rokita and Kristine Pirveli, founders of “Crab Coffee” and civil activists, were verbally abused and then physically assaulted by a young man near their residence late at night. As a result of the attack, Barbara sustained a broken nose and required surgery. Since the protests of 28 November 2024, the founders of Crab Coffee had been providing coffee and tea free of charge to participants in pro-European demonstrations. The activists believe that the attack was motivated by their active involvement in the pro-European protest movement.

On 7 March 2025, the Patrol Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs detained members of “Strong Georgia” – Beka Beridzishvili, Juba Loladze and Oto Parulava. One of the party’s leaders, Irakli Kupradze, was also present with them. Video footage of the incident shows that members of Strong Georgia were returning home from a protest on Rustaveli Avenue when they were stopped by patrol police officers. Irakli Kupradze asked the officers to explain the reason for the stop, at which point he was forcibly placed into a police vehicle and detained.

On 11 March 2025, Judge Mariana Pomaeva of the Batumi City Court imposed fines of GEL 5,000 each on 18 participants in pro-European demonstrations. The Ministry of Internal Affairs accused the activists, under Article 174(4) of the Code of Administrative Offences, of “artificially creating a barrier through intensive movement” on a pedestrian crossing. Those fined included Diana Bolkvadze, Tamar Surmanidze, Badri Kochalidze, Archil Beridze, Natia Letodiani, Davit Robakidze, Manuchar Khozrevanidze, Keti Paksadze, Mariam Saginadze, Nugzar Tapladze, Tatia Abuladze, Linda Tsintsadze, Archil Shotadze, Giorgi Chkhaidze, Elizbar Chkhikvadze, Gocha Surguladze and Ana Vacheishvili.

On 12 March 2025, Judge Aleksandre Goguadze of the Batumi City Court fined participants in pro-European demonstrations – actor Malkhaz Iremadze, Mariam Gogolishvili, Mari Tsetskhladze and Niko Mirtskhulava – GEL 5,000 each for an act provided for under Article 174(4) of the Code of Administrative Offences. The activists were accused of “artificially creating a barrier through intensive movement” on a pedestrian crossing in Batumi during the night of 31 January.

On 12 March 2025, Judge Jumber Bejanidze of the Batumi City Court fined civil activist Gubaz Lamparadze GEL 5,000 in the so-called “zebra crossing movement case”. The Ministry of Internal Affairs accused the activist, under Article 174(4) of the Code of Administrative Offences, of “artificially creating a barrier through intensive movement” on a pedestrian crossing.

On 17 March 2025, at the request of the Prosecutor’s Office of Georgia, the Tbilisi City Court ordered the freezing of the bank accounts of charitable foundations that had assisted citizens who had been allegedly unlawfully fined for participating in pro-European demonstrations by helping them pay fines and by providing financial assistance to so-called “prisoners of conscience” and their families.

The following organisations were affected by the freezing order:

Charitable Foundation “Nanuka’s Fund”;
Charitable Foundation “Prosperity”;
Charitable Foundation “Fund for Each Other 24/7”;
Non-Governmental Organisation “Tbilisi Human Rights House”;
Non-Governmental Organisation “Shame”.

According to a statement issued by the Prosecutor’s Office, the foundations were frozen within the framework of an investigation initiated on the basis of an application submitted by “United Neutral Georgia”, a satellite organisation affiliated with Georgian Dream. The freezing order was authorised by Judge Mzia Garshaulishvili, who was appointed to the Criminal Chamber of the Tbilisi City Court in December 2024.

On 18 March 2025, the Tbilisi City Court rejected the request of Temur Katamadze, the flag-bearer of the Batumi protests, to be granted refugee status, as well as humanitarian or subsidiary protection status, during a hearing held on 18 March.

On 19 March 2025, the family of prisoner of conscience Zviad Tsetskhladze was fined for the ninth time. Tsetskhladze’s mother, Nargizi Davitadze, stated on TV Pirveli that the Ministry of Internal Affairs accused her of “artificially blocking the roadway” under Article 174¹ of the Code of Administrative Offences. According to Davitadze, there had been several occasions when they had not even been present on Rustaveli Avenue, yet financial sanctions had nevertheless been imposed on them by the Ministry.

On 19 March 2025, Marizi Kobakhidze, the mother of prisoner of conscience Tornike Goshadze, was fined GEL 5,000 by Judge Manuchar Tsatsua. The Ministry of Internal Affairs accused her of artificially blocking the roadway on Rustaveli Avenue on 23 January under Article 174¹ of the Code of Administrative Offences. It is noteworthy, however, that Rustaveli Avenue had become blocked naturally due to the large number of people present.

On 19 March 2025, Judge Koba Chagunava fined tour guide Aleksandre Giorgadze GEL 5,000. The Ministry of Internal Affairs accused the active protest participant of blocking a roadway on 3 January under Article 174¹ of the Code of Administrative Offences. However, during the hearing, the Ministry failed to present any evidence substantiating the allegation.

On 19 March 2025, Judge Koba Chagunava found actor Sandro Samkharadze liable for an administrative offence and issued him an oral warning. The Ministry of Internal Affairs accused him of carrying a prohibited item during a protest held on 25 November 2024.

On 21 March 2025, during a protest on Rustaveli Avenue, police detained three activists – Tako Gvilia, Tatia Apriamashvili and Luka Gogia. Police began detaining activists outside Parliament after citizens had brought plastic chairs for young demonstrators standing in heavy rain, but representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs confiscated the chairs. Tako Gvilia told TV Pirveli that she was initially discussing the issue of the chairs with police officers when she was suddenly seized and forcibly placed in a detention vehicle together with Tatia Apriamashvili. Notably, Luka Gogia, a student at Ilia State University, was detained after applauding the police following the detention of the two women. Tatia Apriamashvili and Tako Gvilia were later released on the basis of a written undertaking, while Luka Gogia was released from a temporary detention facility on 22 March.

On 21 March 2025, the court fined Tsotne Koberidze, a member of the Coalition for Change, GEL 2,000. According to the political party Girchi – More Freedom, Georgian Dream accused Tsotne Koberidze of obstructing the detention of another individual and insulting a police officer.

Incidents documented against civil activists – August 2025

Context

The incidents documented in August 2025 indicate a continued intensification of criminal justice measures and institutional pressure against individuals and organizations associated with the protest movement. During the reporting period, criminal cases against detained protest participants before Tbilisi City Court entered their final stage. Courts convicted several individuals referred to by civil society actors as “prisoners of conscience” and imposed custodial sentences. In some cases, the courts reclassified the initial charges to less severe offences. Most defendants pleaded not guilty and maintained that the proceedings against them were politically motivated, while defence lawyers argued that the evidence presented by the prosecution lacked credibility.

During the same period, pressure on civil society organizations also intensified. By court order, the bank accounts of several Georgian non-governmental organizations were frozen. Civil society representatives assessed this measure as an attempt to restrict the activities of critical and human rights organizations.

Overall, the cases documented in August indicate that legal and institutional pressure linked to the protest movement continued at an intensive level, affecting both individual activists and civil society organizations.

Incidents

On 12 August 2025, Tbilisi City Court Judge Jvebe Nachkebia sentenced Anatoli Gigauri, who had been detained in connection with the pro-European protests, to two years’ imprisonment. The court reclassified the charge initially brought against Gigauri, which concerned an alleged attack on a police officer, to Article 353(1) of the Criminal Code, concerning resistance to a police officer committed with violence or threat of violence. Gigauri had been arrested in connection with an incident that took place on Rustaveli Avenue on 24 November 2024, allegedly involving a strike against police officer Vakhtang Gabunia. The defence argued that the incident had been preceded by violence by the same police officer, namely a blow to Gigauri’s face. According to Gigauri, the officer struck him first, before he moved his hand, and therefore he acted in necessary self-defence.

On 12 August 2025, Batumi City Court delivered its judgment in the case concerning the incident that took place at Batumi Arts University on 9 December 2024. The case concerned the attempt by protest participants to place a banner on the university building. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, university lecturer Tea Tsaguria prevented them from doing so, which was later followed by a physical confrontation involving her husband and another accompanying person. Several individuals were subsequently arrested on charges of group violence.

By the court’s decision, Batumi Arts University student Anri Kakabadze was sentenced to nine months’ imprisonment. At the time the judgment was delivered, Kakabadze had already spent approximately seven months in pre-trial detention and was expected to remain in custody for a further two months to serve the sentence.

In the same case, Mamuka Jorbenadze, Dean of Batumi Arts University, was fined GEL 20,000; however, taking into account the period he had spent in pre-trial detention, the payable amount was reduced to GEL 18,000.

The court also imposed financial penalties on university students Guram Mikeladze, Davit Gvianidze and Giorgi Davitadze. Each was fined GEL 17,000; however, taking into account the period spent in pre-trial detention, the payable amount for each was reduced to GEL 15,000.

On 15 August 2025, Tbilisi City Court Judge Nino Galustashvili sentenced Davit Khomeriki, who had been detained in connection with the pro-European protests, to four years and six months’ imprisonment. The prosecution charged Khomeriki with preparation of an explosion under Articles 18 and 229 of the Criminal Code, an offence punishable by four to seven years’ imprisonment. Khomeriki pleaded not guilty and stated that the items and substances referred to in the case file did not belong to him.

On 22 August 2025, Tbilisi City Court Judge Giorgi Arevadze sentenced Archil Museliants, who had been detained in connection with the pro-European protests, to four years’ imprisonment. Museliants was accused of damaging the cables of surveillance cameras installed near Parliament during the protests, allegedly causing damage amounting to GEL 534. He had been charged under Article 187(2) of the Criminal Code, which concerns damage to property by arson and carries a penalty of three to six years’ imprisonment.

On 27 August 2025, upon a motion by the Prosecutor’s Office, Tbilisi City Court ordered the freezing of the bank accounts of seven Georgian civil society organizations. The measure affected the accounts of the Civil Society Foundation, ISFED, IDFI, GDI, Democracy Defenders, Sapari and the Social Justice Center.

According to the Prosecutor’s Office, the freezing of the organizations’ accounts was linked to criminal investigations initiated on the basis of a complaint filed by Vato Shakarishvili’s organization. The Prosecutor’s Office alleged that the organizations had financed the purchase of various protective items, including gas masks, protective goggles, medical masks, face coverings and pepper spray, which, according to the authorities, were allegedly used by protest participants during confrontations with police.

Bank Account of Civil Activist Nino Kalandia’s 13-Year-Old Child with a Disability Subjected to Seizure

Civil activist Nino Kalandia says that the pension account of her 13-year-old child with a disability has been subjected to seizure. The seizure was based on fines imposed on Nino Kalandia herself in connection with her participation in protest rallies, on the grounds of blocking a roadway.

“Yesterday, I received a message from Liberty Bank saying that I had some debt. I could not understand what debt I could have had. Today, I went to Liberty Bank to clarify the matter and was told that the account had been seized,” Nino Kalandia told Publika.

Bank Accounts of Aleksi (Buka) Petriashvili Subjected to Seizure

The bank accounts of Aleksi (Buka) Petriashvili, former State Minister for European Integration, were subjected to seizure. He learned about this after leaving the temporary detention facility following three days of administrative detention. “I came out and found my account seized,” he wrote on social media on 16 May.

On 14 May, Judge Tornike Kapanadze of Tbilisi City Court imposed three days of administrative detention on Aleksi Petriashvili for standing on the sidewalk. The Ministry of Internal Affairs alleged that, on 17 December, Petriashvili had created an obstruction to pedestrian movement on the sidewalk in front of Parliament

The practice of using seizures against activists continues

Civil activist Giorgi Akhobadze shared information on social media and published a photo, according to which the National Bureau of Enforcement notified him that his bank accounts had been placed under seizure. According to the document, the amount subject to seizure is 5,350 GEL.

The activist has not provided any further explanation; however, in light of existing practice, it is likely that the case concerns fines related to allegations of blocking a road. Recently, a number of similar cases have been documented, where activists had not been informed in advance about the fines and learned of them only after seizure measures were imposed on their bank accounts.In the same context, writer Beka Kurkhuli also wrote on social media: “Our ‘honourable government’ placed my bank account under seizure while I am in the combat zone in the Donetsk region, in the war in Ukraine. First, they fined me 35,000 GEL for standing in my own city, on my own Rustaveli Avenue, and for defending the children they mercilessly targeted and beat; then, as soon as they found out that I was at war, they imposed the seizure,” Kurkhuli wrote.

Civil activist Nino Svanidze reports seizure of assets due to non-payment of multiple fines

The civil activist, who is an active participant in the protest rallies, writes on social media that a postal courier delivered to her part of the seizure orders, which are related to the non-payment of fines imposed on her.

According to a statement she published on social media, a postal courier delivered several seizure orders to her, related to fines imposed on her. She reports that she received six such orders in one day, while the total number amounts to 21, each concerning a fine of 5,000 GEL. The activist indicates that the sanctions are likely linked to her participation in protest actions and allegations of blocking a roadway.

Bank accounts of three civil activists seized for non-payment of fines of which they had not been notified

On April 15, the bank accounts of three civil activists – Natia Megrelishvili, Natia Artmeladze, and Tamta Chkhaidze were seized for non-payment of fines, of which none of them had been notified. The activists reported the seizure on social media.

Tamta Chkhaidze, the spouse of “prisoner of conscience” Giorgi Okmelashvili and an active participant in protests, has been fined a total of 25,000 GEL. In comments to Batumelebi, she stated that she does not intend to pay the fines and has appealed the seizure. Giorgi Okmelashvili, a participant in protests against the so-called “Russian law,” was sentenced on May 17, 2024 to 5 years of imprisonment on charges of insulting a police officer.

Under Article 174¹ of the Code of Administrative Offences, “artificial blocking of the road” constitutes a violation of the rules governing the organization and conduct of assemblies and demonstrations. Since February 7, 2025, the fine for “artificially blocking the road” has increased tenfold to 5,000 GEL. Hundreds of participants in pro-European protests have reportedly been issued such fines, with the cumulative amount reaching several million GEL. Where fines remain unpaid, enforcement measures include the seizure of bank accounts. Multiple such cases have already been documented.