Judge Davit Makaradze of the Tbilisi City Court found civil activist Nuki Maisuradze liable for an administrative offence related to the alleged blocking of a roadway during the “Saturday March” and issued a verbal warning. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia alleged that on 7 February Maisuradze blocked a roadway on Rustaveli Avenue.
Blocking a roadway became a punishable offence following the adoption of restrictive legislative amendments by the ruling party, Georgian Dream. This conduct is prohibited under Article 174¹, paragraph 10 of the Code of Administrative Offences. Subsequently, the scope of the same provision was expanded to include standing on the sidewalk, on the basis of which participants in demonstrations are also being held administratively liable. A violation of this provision entails administrative detention for up to 15 days (and up to 20 days for an organizer). Administrative detention does not apply to pregnant women, mothers with children under the age of 12, persons under the age of 18, or persons with pronounced or significant disabilities. Instead, they are subject to a fine of 5,000 GEL, or 15,000 GEL if the person is an organizer. Repeated commission of the same act entails criminal liability.
Civil activist Lasha Gabitashvili was prevented from departing from Tbilisi International Airport for nearly two hours on 22 February without being provided with an explanation. Gabitashvili was scheduled to travel to Paris. According to his account, he holds both Georgian and Israeli citizenship and presented his Israeli passport at passport control. Gabitashvili stated that his passport was returned to him approximately one hour after the aircraft had departed, as a result of which he was unable to board the flight. Border police later indicated that the delay had been caused by a “technical error in the system.”In January 2025, Gabitashvili was physically confronted by members of Georgian Dream in Abu Dhabi. In February 2025, after returning to Tbilisi, he was reportedly attacked by three masked individuals.
Zurab Tsetskhladze, the father of prisoner of conscience Zviad Tsetskhladze, states that in the case concerning standing on a sidewalk during a protest, Judge Nino Enukidze terminated the administrative proceedings and referred the case to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (MIA), indicating that the matter may contain elements of a criminal offence.
The continuation of the case under criminal law is linked to legislative amendments introduced by the ruling party, Georgian Dream, to the Code of Administrative Offences. Under these amendments, the repeated obstruction of pedestrian or vehicular movement during an assembly or demonstration may give rise to criminal liability.
According to Tsetskhladze, the police drew up the administrative offence report on 9 February 2026. The report was issued under Article 174¹(10) of the Code of Administrative Offences. This provision covers several types of administrative offences, including covering one’s face with a mask or other means; creating obstacles to the movement of pedestrians or vehicles; and artificially blocking the roadway used by vehicles or pedestrians. Under Article 347 of the Criminal Code of Georgia, the repeated commission of any of the acts defined in the aforementioned provisions by a person who has already been sanctioned under those articles is punishable by imprisonment for up to one year.
Judge Tornike Kochkian of the Tbilisi City Court found two civil activists, Mariam Chkhaidze and Lali Kekua, liable for administrative offences related to the alleged blocking of a roadway. Their cases were examined jointly. Mariam Chkhaidze was subjected to two days of administrative detention, while Lali Kekua was subjected to three days of administrative detention. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (MIA) alleged that both activists had blocked a roadway on Rustaveli Avenue during the “Saturday March” held on 7 February 2026.
Blocking a roadway became a punishable offence following the adoption of restrictive legislative amendments by the ruling party, Georgian Dream. This conduct is prohibited under Article 174¹, paragraph 10 of the Code of Administrative Offences. Subsequently, the scope of the same provision was expanded to include standing on the sidewalk, on the basis of which participants in demonstrations are also being held administratively liable. A violation of this provision entails administrative detention for up to 15 days (and up to 20 days for an organizer). Administrative detention does not apply to pregnant women, mothers with children under the age of 12, persons under the age of 18, or persons with pronounced or significant disabilities. Instead, they are subject to a fine of 5,000 GEL, or 15,000 GEL if the person is an organizer. Repeated commission of the same act entails criminal liability.
Judge Tornike Kochkian of the Tbilisi City Court found civil activist Sopho Markozia liable for an administrative offence related to the blocking of a roadway and subjected her to three days of administrative detention. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (MIA) alleged that on 7 February 2026, during the “Saturday March,” Markozia blocked a roadway on Rustaveli Avenue in Tbilisi.
Blocking a roadway became a punishable offence following the adoption of restrictive legislative amendments by the ruling party, Georgian Dream. This conduct is prohibited under Article 174¹, paragraph 10 of the Code of Administrative Offences. Subsequently, the scope of the same provision was expanded to include standing on the sidewalk, on the basis of which participants in demonstrations are also being held administratively liable. A violation of this provision entails administrative detention for up to 15 days (and up to 20 days for an organizer). Administrative detention does not apply to pregnant women, mothers with children under the age of 12, persons under the age of 18, or persons with pronounced or significant disabilities. Instead, they are subject to a fine of 5,000 GEL, or 15,000 GEL if the person is an organizer. Repeated commission of the same act entails criminal liability.
Civil activist Baia Margishvili was subjected to a preventive measure of bail in the amount of 5,000 GEL in a criminal case initiated against her on charges of contempt of court. The bail measure was imposed in her absence.
The incident that gave rise to the investigation occurred on 7 November 2025. On that day, Judge Zviad Tsekvava of the Tbilisi City Court was hearing a case concerning the alleged artificial blocking of a roadway by Margishvili. During the hearing, Margishvili stated: “They have torn the Constitution over your head – what are you talking about? This is how they have torn the Constitution over your head.” She then took the hearing record, tore it up, and scattered the pieces on the table in front of the judge. Following the incident, she was fined 200 GEL and removed from the courtroom.
On 10 February of the current year, Margishvili was notified that criminal proceedings had been initiated against her in connection with the same incident for which she had previously been fined. She has been charged under Article 366(2) of the Criminal Code of Georgia, which concerns the insult of a judge or juror and is punishable by a fine, corrective labour for a term of one to two years, or imprisonment for up to two years.
Judge Davit Makaradze of the Tbilisi City Court found civil activist Giorgi Romelashvili liable for an administrative offence related to the blocking of a roadway and subjected him to four days of administrative detention. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (MIA) alleged that on 7 February 2026, during the “Saturday March,” Romelashvili blocked a roadway on Rustaveli Avenue in Tbilisi.Blocking a roadway became a punishable offence following the adoption of restrictive legislative amendments by the ruling party, Georgian Dream. This conduct is prohibited under Article 174¹, paragraph 10 of the Code of Administrative Offences. Subsequently, the scope of the same provision was expanded to include standing on the sidewalk, on the basis of which participants in demonstrations are also being held administratively liable. A violation of this provision entails administrative detention for up to 15 days (and up to 20 days for an organizer). Administrative detention does not apply to pregnant women, mothers with children under the age of 12, persons under the age of 18, or persons with pronounced or significant disabilities. Instead, they are subject to a fine of 5,000 GEL, or 15,000 GEL if the person is an organizer. Repeated commission of the same act entails criminal liability.
Judge Zviad Tsekvava of the Tbilisi City Court found civil activist Nuca Makharadze, who was detained on 14 January 2026 during a demonstration held near the Embassy of Iran in Tbilisi, liable for administrative offences and imposed a fine of 4,500 GEL. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (MIA) alleged that the activist had failed to comply with a lawful order of a police officer (Article 173(1) of the Code of Administrative Offences) and had verbally insulted a police officer (Article 173(2)).
These provisions of the Code of Administrative Offences provide for a fine ranging from 2,000 to 5,000 GEL or administrative detention for a period of up to 60 days. The repeated commission of the same offences entails a fine ranging from 3,500 to 6,000 GEL or administrative detention for a period ranging from 7 to 60 days.
On 14 January, a demonstration in solidarity with the Iranian people took place near the Iranian Embassy in Tbilisi. According to Radio Liberty, prior to Makharadze’s detention, demonstrators were expressing their protest by crossing the road from one side to the other when the traffic light turned green at the intersection near the embassy. Subsequently, as explained by the police, the traffic light “malfunctioned,” and Makharadze began crossing the road at that moment.
The first hearing in Makharadze’s case was held on 16 January. During the hearing, she reportedly felt unwell. Makharadze also raised allegations of ill-treatment while being held in a temporary detention facility.
The Tbilisi City Court found civil activist Nino Abzianidze liable for an administrative offence for standing on the sidewalk during a protest and issued a verbal warning. The decision was delivered by Judge Davit Makaridze. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia alleged that Abzianidze had created an obstruction to pedestrian movement on the sidewalk near the Parliament of Georgia.
Administrative proceedings against citizens in relation to sidewalk protests commenced following legislative amendments adopted by Georgian Dream on 12 December 2025. As a result of these amendments, protest activity on sidewalks was, in effect, also prohibited. For a first violation, the legislation provides for administrative detention for a period of up to 15 days (up to 20 days in the case of an organizer), while a repeated violation may result in the imposition of criminal liability. According to the assessment of Transparency International Georgia, “the detention of an individual for standing on a sidewalk, even under administrative procedure, let alone the imposition of criminal punishment cannot withstand any criticism when assessed against the standards of freedom of assembly guaranteed by the Constitution of Georgia and by international human rights instruments.” In the so-called “sidewalk cases,” court proceedings have already concluded in relation to more than 20 activists. Some of them were subjected to administrative detention, while others (predominantly women) received verbal warnings. Administrative proceedings have also been initiated against a number of other activists, while court hearings in their cases have not yet been scheduled.
Judge Davit Makaridze of the Tbilisi City Court found civil activist Ilia Ghlonti, one of the founders of the “Daitove” platform, liable for an administrative offence for standing on the sidewalk during a protest and ordered four days of administrative detention. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia alleged that on 17 December Ghlonti created an obstruction to pedestrian movement on the sidewalk near the Parliament of Georgia.
Administrative proceedings against citizens in relation to sidewalk protests commenced following legislative amendments adopted by Georgian Dream on 12 December 2025. As a result of these amendments, protest activity on sidewalks was, in effect, also prohibited. For a first violation, the legislation provides for administrative detention for a period of up to 15 days (up to 20 days in the case of an organizer), while a repeated violation may result in the imposition of criminal liability. According to the assessment of Transparency International Georgia, “the detention of an individual for standing on a sidewalk, even under administrative procedure, let alone the imposition of criminal punishment cannot withstand any criticism when assessed against the standards of freedom of assembly guaranteed by the Constitution of Georgia and by international human rights instruments.”
