On 22 January 2026, a precedent was established at the Tbilisi City Court, where the first ruling was delivered in the so-called “sidewalk case.” Judge Tornike Kapanadze found Rezi Dumbadze, a participant in pro-European demonstrations, liable for an administrative offence for standing on a sidewalk adjacent to the Parliament building and thereby “obstructing the movement of the public,” and issued a verbal warning as a sanction.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs alleged that Rezi Dumbadze committed the administrative offence on 17 December 2025. On 14 January, the protest participant was notified by the Tbilisi City Court that he was required to appear in connection with the alleged “blocking” of the sidewalk.
On 12 December 2025, the “Georgian Dream” party adopted another repressive legislative amendment restricting the right to freedom of assembly. The amendments were adopted following accelerated parliamentary consideration over a three-day period. As a result of these amendments, protest activity on sidewalks was, in effect, also prohibited. For a first violation, the legislation provides for administrative detention for a period of up to 15 days (up to 20 days in the case of an organizer), while a repeated violation may result in the imposition of criminal liability. According to the assessment of Transparency International Georgia, “the detention of an individual for standing on a sidewalk, even under administrative procedure, let alone the imposition of criminal punishment cannot withstand any criticism when assessed against the standards of freedom of assembly guaranteed by the Constitution of Georgia and by international human rights instruments.”
Rezi Dumbadze is the first civil activist to have been found liable under the so-called “sidewalk” cases.
According to civil activist Nata Peradze, administrative offence proceedings have been initiated against her in connection with a post she published on social media concerning Nino Tsilosani, Vice Speaker of the Parliament representing the “Georgian Dream” party. The proceedings were initiated under Article 173¹⁶ of the Code of Administrative Offences. Nata Peradze is accused of insulting Nino Tsilosani in her capacity as a holder of a state-political office.
Article 173¹⁶ provides for a sanction in the form of a fine ranging from 1,500 to 4,000 GEL or administrative detention for a period of up to 45 days. According to the media outlet Batumelebi, the administrative offence report drawn up by a detective includes, as evidentiary material, a screenshot of Nata Peradze’s Facebook post in which she wrote: “Nino Tsilosani’s breed.”
It should be recalled that one day earlier it became known that Ruska Mchedlidze, a participant in civil protest activities, was also subjected to legal action over a post published on social media, following a complaint filed by Nino Jgharkava, a person closely associated with the “Georgian Dream” party. Earlier, in early January, activist Tako Gvilia likewise faced legal action after a complaint was filed by an officer of the Zugdidi Patrol Police in relation to a post published on a social network.The practice of initiating court proceedings against citizens on the basis of posts published on social media commenced after the “Georgian Dream” party adopted, in June 2025 and under an expedited legislative procedure, amendments to the Law of Georgia on Freedom of Speech and Expression.
The amendments primarily concerned the regulation of defamation. In particular, the statutory definition of defamation was revised by removing the element of harm, which had previously constituted an essential prerequisite for qualifying a statement as defamatory. Shortly after the amendments entered into force, six journalists were subjected to administrative fines for opinions expressed on social media. The Georgian Young Lawyers’ Association assessed these amendments as constituting an “unjustified restriction on freedom of expression, creating a chilling effect and aimed at instilling fear within society in order to deter individuals from critically evaluating the actions of the ‘Georgian Dream’ party and its political representatives.”
A patrol police officer of the Zugdidi Police Department, Nikoloz Thordia, has filed an administrative complaint against civic activist Tako Gvilia in connection with a post published on a social media platform. The officer alleges that the activist committed verbal insult in a public statement.
As Tako Gvilia wrote on social media, she was served with an administrative offense report several minutes earlier, which states that she published a public post on social media in which she allegedly verbally insulted police officer Nikoloz Thordia.
Tako Gvilia is not the first activist against whom Nikoloz Thordia has filed a complaint. In December 2025, the patrol police officer also filed an administrative complaint against Mariam Sichinava, a member of the political party Droa, alleging the use of the Megrelian word “lodos” (“fool”) in a social media post. Mariam Sichinava was subsequently subjected to an administrative fine of GEL 3,000.
The Zugdidi District Court imposed an administrative fine of GEL 1,750 on Zugdidi-based civic activist and street artist Rostom Zarandia for creating the “Megobari Act” geoglyph, following an administrative complaint lodged by the Environmental Supervision Service of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection.
The “Megobari Act” geoglyph is a 380-meter-long inscription created on agricultural land in western Georgia, near the coastal town of Anaklia. According to the activist’s explanation, the geoglyph was intended to draw the attention of the local and international public to the significance for Georgia of the “Megobari Act,” which has been initiated in the Senate. In connection with the same geoglyph, Rostom Zarandia had previously been subjected to an administrative fine of GEL 2,000 imposed by the Zugdidi City Hall.
